TY - JOUR
TI - Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife
AU - Goodale, W
AU - Milman, A
T2 - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
AB - Offshore wind energy development (OWED) is being pursued as a critical component in achieving a low-carbon energy economy. While the potential generating capacity is high, the cumulative effects of expansion of OWED on wildlife remain unclear. Since environmental regulations in many countries require analysis of the cumulative adverse effects (CAE) during permitting processes, this paper reviews the state of knowledge on CAE of OWED on wildlife. We synthesize ecological research on the effects of OWED on wildlife; delineate a framework for determining the scope of CAE assessments; describe approaches to avoiding, minimizing and compensating for CAE; and discuss critical uncertainties.
DA - 2016/01//
PY - 2016
VL - 59
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 21
UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09640568.2014.973483
DO - 10.1080/09640568.2014.973483
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Fixed Offshore Wind
KW - Physical Environment
ER -